Schmalblättrige Ölweide

Die bis zu 5 m hohe Schmalblättrige Ölweide wächst als Strauch und als Kleinbaum. Sie möchte auf einem vollsonnigen Standort in gut durchlässige Erde gepflanzt werden. Sie gilt nicht nur als wenig empfindlich gegenüber Luftverunreinigung, sondern ist auch gegen Streusalz und Hitze sehr widerstandsfähig. Allerdings verträgt sie keine strengen Spätföste. Trotzdem wird in Mitteleuropa die Schmalblättrige Ölweide oft als Ziergehölz kultiviert und ist sogar gebietsweise verwildert.

Ihre intensiv süß duftenden Blüten, im Aussehen jenen des Ölbaumes nicht unähnlich, erscheinen im Juni einzeln oder in kleinen Gruppen zwischen den graugrünen, lanzettlichen Blättern, die eine durch Sternhaare gebildete silbrige Unterseite zeigen. Die Blüten werden von zahlreichen Bienen angeflogen. Für sie und andere Hautflügler sind sie eine ergiebige Tracht.

Im Anschluss an die dabei erfolgte Bestäubung entwickeln sich in der Regel gelb-orangefarbene, mehlig-fleischige, essbare Scheinbeeren, die Steinfrüchten ähneln, in Mitteleuropa aber meistens nicht ausreifen. Im Orient werden die getrockneten, süßlich schmeckenden, an Datteln erinnernden, jedoch mehligen Früchte gerne als Snack verzehrt.

Agroforestry Services: Nitrogen Agroforestry Services: Windbreak Fodder: Bank Industrial Crop: Biomass Management: Coppice Management: Coppice Management: Standard Minor Global Crop Landscape Uses:Screen, Specimen. An easily grown plant, it succeeds in most soils that are well-drained, though it dislikes shallow chalk soils. Prefers a light sandy soil that is only moderately fertile, succeeding in poor soils and dry soils. Requires a position in full sun, growing very well in hot dry positions. Plants are very drought and wind resistant, they tolerate conditions of considerable salinity and alkalinity. A very hardy plant, tolerating temperatures down to about -40°c. However, plants prefer a continental climate and are apt to be cut back in severe winters in Britain because the summer is often not warm enough to have fully ripened the wood. A very variable species. This species is often cultivated in N. Europe for its edible fruits, there are many named varieties and some of these are thornless. This species has a symbiotic relationship with certain soil bacteria, these bacteria form nodules on the roots and fix atmospheric nitrogen. Some of this nitrogen is utilized by the growing plant but some can also be used by other plants growing nearby. An excellent companion plant, when grown in orchards it can increase yields from the fruit trees by up to 10%. Plants are very tolerant of pruning, they usually resprout freely even when cut right back to the ground. This species is notably resistant to honey fungus. The flowers are sweetly and heavily scented. Special Features: Attractive foliage, Not North American native, Invasive, Naturalizing, Fragrant flowers, Inconspicuous flowers or blooms. The plant is heat tolerant in zones 8 through 1. (Plant Hardiness Zones show how well plants withstand cold winter temperatures. Plant Heat Zones show when plants would start suffering from the heat. The Plant Heat Zone map is based on the number of "heat days" experienced in a given area where the temperature climbs to over 86 degrees F (30°C). At this temperature, many plants begin to suffer physiological damage. Heat Zones range from 1 (no heat days) to 12 (210 or more heat days). For example Heat Zone. 11-1 indicates that the plant is heat tolerant in zones 11 through 1.) In garden design, as well as the above-ground architecture of a plant, root structure considerations help in choosing plants that work together for their optimal soil requirements including nutrients and water. The root pattern is fleshy. Thick or swollen - fibrous or tap root [2-1]. Elaeagnus species are relatively fast-growing shrubs or small trees, typically reaching maturity in 3 to 5 years. They can grow to heights of 1 to 5 meters (3 to 16 feet) depending on the species and growing conditions. Fruits from Elaeagnus species are usually harvested in late summer to early autumn, depending on the species and local climate. Elaeagnus species generally flower in late spring to early summer depending on the specific species and environmental conditions. Many Elaeagnus species are self-fertile, meaning they can produce fruit without needing another plant for cross-pollination.

Edible Parts: Fruit Seed Edible Uses: Gum Fruit - raw or cooked as a seasoning in soups. Dry, sweet and mealy. The fruit can also be made into jellies or sherbets. The fruit must be fully ripe before it can be enjoyed raw, if even slightly under-ripe it will be quite astringent[K]. The oval fruit is about 10mm long and contains a single large seed[K]. Seed - raw or cooked. It can be eaten with the fruit though the seed case is rather fibrous[K].

Companion Essential Fodder Fuel Gum Hedge Hedge Wood Agroforestry uses: Elaeagnus species can be used as a hedge or windbreak due to their dense growth and thorny branches. They also improve soil fertility as nitrogen-fixing plants, making them beneficial in agroforestry systems. Their fruits provide food for wildlife and can be harvested for human consumption. Plants can be grown as a hedge in exposed positions, tolerating maritime exposure. It is fairly fast-growing and very tolerant of pruning, but is rather open in habit and does not form a dense screen[K]. Because the plant fixes atmospheric nitrogen, it makes a hedge that enriches the soil rather than depriving it of nutrients[K]. An essential oil obtained from the flowers is used in perfumery. A gum from the plant is used in the textile industry in calico printing. Wood - hard, fine-grained. Used for posts, beams, domestic items, it is also much used for carving. The wood is an excellent fuel. 1. Nectary - Flowers rich in nectar and pollen: Yes – Elaeagnus species, especially autumn olive and silverberry, have flowers that produce nectar and attract pollinators such as bees, butterflies, and other beneficial insects. 2. Wildlife - Food (Fruit, Seeds, Leaf litter, Shelter, Nesting, Roosting): Yes – The fruit of Elaeagnus species is highly favored by birds and small mammals. The dense branches provide excellent shelter, nesting, and roosting spots for birds. 3. Invertebrate Shelter (Overwintering sites, Leaf litter, Groundcover): Yes – The leaf litter and dense growth offer overwintering sites and protection for invertebrates. The shrub provides good ground cover, beneficial for many small creatures. 4. Pest Confuser (Smell): No – Elaeagnus does not emit a strong enough smell to act as a pest confuser.

Heimisch: Afghanistan, Altay, Assam, Central European Russia, China North-Central, China Southeast, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Inner Mongolia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Lebanon-Syria, Manchuria, Mongolia, Myanmar, North Caucasus, Pakistan, Palestine, Qinghai, South European Russia, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Turkmenistan, Türkiye, Ukraine, Uzbekistan Eingeführt: Albania, Alberta, Algeria, Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Austria, Baltic States, Belgium, Bermuda, British Columbia, Bulgaria, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Cyprus, Czechia-Slovakia, Delaware, District of Columbia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Iraq, Italy, Kansas, Kentucky, Kriti, Krym, Louisiana, Madeira, Maine, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Morocco, Nebraska, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Portugal, Primorye, Québec, Rhode I., Romania, Saskatchewan, South Dakota, Spain, Tennessee, Texas, Tunisia, Türkiye-in-Europe, Utah, Vermont