Bambus

Der aus Asien stammende Moso-Bambus wurde 1875 in Europa (Frankreich) eingeführt. Mit einer in Europa möglichen Höhe von 12 m ist er der größte im gemäßigten Klima anzutreffende Bambus. Seine Winterhärte beträgt −15 °C, aber er ist doch empfindlicher als der Bisset-Bambus und auch anspruchsvoller, was seinen Standort betrifft: Er bevorzugt lehmige, saure, gut durchlässige Böden, die reich an Nährstoffen sind und benötigt reichlich Wasser. In Europa wächst er besonders gut im mediterranen Klima. Siehe Foto!

In seiner angestammten Heimat ist der Moso-Bambus eine bedeutende Kulturpflanze, denn seine kräftigen Schösslinge sind essbar, worauf der aus dem Japanischen stammende Trivialname dieses majestätischen Grashalmes hinweist: Meng Zong 孟宗: Suchte in der Kälte nach Bambussprossen für seine Mutter. (Nach der japanischen Aussprache ist der Moso-Bambus benannt.) (Quelle) Auch sein botanischer Artname nimmt Bezug auf seine Essbarkeit: ‚edulis’ (lat. ‚essbar’)

Aus dem Holz der Halme werden Ziergegenstände, Möbel und Parkett hergestellt, aus den Fasern Papier.

Auch in Italien wird der Moso-Bambus feldmäßig angebaut und seine wohlschmeckenden Schösslinge sind heißbegehrt. Sie werden vorgekocht und abgepackt im ital. Lebensmittelhandel angeboten. 

 

Wenn Sie jetzt Appetit auf selbst geerntete Bambussprossen bekommen haben, können Sie sich diesen Wunsch erfüllen, denn der Moso-Bambus ist nicht nur über seine Rhizome, sondern auch über seine Samen, die im Samenhandel erhältlich sind, vermehrbar. Sie sind Lichtkeimer, die die Wärme lieben und nach dem allerletzten Frost ausgepflanzt werden möchten.

 Hier  finden Sie Genaueres zu seiner Ernte. Nur so viel sei gesagt, diese Bambusart darf nicht roh gegessen werden!! Die Schösslinge enthalten ein starkes Gift, (Blausäureglykosid), das erst durch Kochen abgebaut wird. Die entstehende Blausäure verdampft dabei.

 

Rosas Tipp:

Versuchen Sie statt Moso-Bambussprossen ein paar Schösslinge unseres heimischen Waldgeißbartes, einer tollen, robusten Blütenstaude, oder Hopfensprossen!

Industrial Crop: Biomass Management: Managed Multistem Minor Global Crop Other Systems: Multistrata Requires a rich damp soil in a sheltered position with plenty of moisture in the growing season. Likes abundant sunshine. A fairly cold-hardy plant, succeeding outdoors in many areas of Britain. It tolerates temperatures down to about -15°c according to one report, but the plants are slow to recover from damage caused by cold weather. They also dislike prolonged exposure to hard frosts. Plants grow well in Cornwall making a very good sized clump. The young shoots are very fast growing, up to 30cm per day, and are produced from late April. The rootstock is running but it is practically static in cool climates. This species is notably resistant to honey fungus. Plants only flower at intervals of many years. When they do come into flower most of the plants energies are directed into producing seed and consequently the plant is severely weakened. They sometimes die after flowering, but if left alone they will usually recover though they will look very poorly for a few years. If fed with artificial NPK fertilizers at this time the plants are more likely to die. Young plants can be difficult to establish, new plantings only grow slowly at first and often fail completely if soil and water conditions are less than the best. This species, but especially its cultivar 'Pubescens' is extensively cultivated for its edible young shoots and other uses in China and Japan, it is the most commonly cultivated bamboo in China and the second most common in Japan. This is a good companion species to grow in a woodland because the plants are shallow rooted and do not compete with deep rooted trees. Carbon Farming - Cultivation: minor global crop. Management: managed multistem. Moso bamboo is self-fertile, allowing it to produce seeds without the need for cross-pollination. Moso bamboo is known for its rapid growth, capable of growing several feet in just a single day under optimal conditions. It typically reaches full height in about 3 to 5 years. Moso bamboo can be harvested for shoots in spring, typically from April to June. The culms (stalks) are usually harvested in late summer to early autumn. Moso bamboo has a unique flowering cycle that can vary; it flowers every 30 to 120 years, often in late summer. The timing is not consistent and can be influenced by environmental factors.

Edible Parts: Shoots Stem Edible Uses: Young shoots - cooked. Very palatable when cooked but acrid raw. Not of the highest quality, but their large size makes them very popular. Extensively eaten in China, they are usually cooked in one change of water. The shoots are harvested in the spring when they are about 8cm above the ground, cutting them about 5cm below soil level. The dormant young shoots, harvested in the winter before they emerge above the ground, are especially relished as a delicacy.

Containers Fodder Pipes Wood Agroforestry uses: used for erosion control, as a windbreak, and as a source of timber for construction and crafts. It can also be integrated into agroforestry systems as a shade provider and ground cover. The canes make good water pipes, they are also used for household utensils etc. The short internodes at the lower end of the cane are used as flasks, vases etc. Although the wood is relatively soft, the canes are much used for heavy construction, weaving various types of handicrafts and paper making. The rhizomes are used as walking sticks and umbrella handles. Carbon farming - Industrial Crop: biomass. Fodder: bank. Other Systems: multistrata.

Heimisch: BR, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, North America, TW, Taiwan, conterminous 48 United States Eingeführt: BR, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Cambodia, GE, Georgia, IN, JP, Japan, Korea, Nansei-shoto, Philippines, South Carolina, Vietnam