Essigbaum

Landscape Uses:Border, Massing, Specimen. Succeeds in a well-drained fertile soil in full sun. Tolerates poor soils. Succeeds in dry soils and is drought resistant once it is established. A fairly wind hardy plant, though the branches are brittle and can be broken off in very high winds[200, K]. A very hardy plant, when fully dormant it can tolerate temperatures down to at least -25°c. However, the young growth in spring can be damaged by late frosts. A fast growing but short-lived tree, it can sucker freely, forming thickets and becoming quite anti-social when grown in small areas. Single-stem plants are short-lived in cultivation, but if the plants are coppiced regularly and allowed to form thickets, then they will live longer and also be more ornamental with larger leaves. Any coppicing is best carried out in early spring. A very ornamental plant, there are some named varieties. It is susceptible to coral spot fungus but is notably resistant to honey fungus. It transplants easily. This is a very good bee plant, the flowers producing an abundance of pollen and nectar. There is some doubt over the validity of this name and the earlier R. hirta. [L.] has been proposed as the correct name. However, it seems likely that R. typhina will be retained because it is so well known. This species is closely related to and hybridizes with R. glabra. Many of the species in this genus are highly toxic and can also cause severe irritation to the skin of some people, whilst other species such as this one are not poisonous. It is relatively simple to distinguish which is which, the poisonous species have axillary panicles and smooth fruits whilst non-poisonous species have compound terminal panicles and fruits covered with acid crimson hairs. The toxic species are sometimes separated into their own genus, Toxicodendron, by some botanists. Dioecious. Male and female plants must be grown if seed is required. Special Features: Attracts birds, North American native, Attractive flowers or blooms. For polyculture design as well as the above-ground architecture (form - tree, shrub etc. and size shown above) information on the habit and root pattern is also useful and given here if available. The plant growth habit is a running thicket former forming a colony from shoots away from the crown spreading indefinitely [1-2]. The root pattern is flat with shallow roots forming a plate near the soil surface [1-2]. The root pattern is suckering with new plants from underground runners away from the plant [1-2]. The berries are typically harvested in late summer to early autumn, around August to September (Northern Hemisphere), when they are fully ripe. Sumac generally flowers in early to mid-summer, usually from June to July (Northern Hemisphere). Sumac species typically grow at a moderate pace, reaching maturity within a few years, and can establish rapidly in suitable conditions.

Edible Parts: Fruit Oil Edible Uses: Drink Oil Fruit - cooked. A very sour flavour, they are used in pies. The fruit is rather small and with very little flesh, but it is produced in quite large clusters and so is easily harvested. When soaked for 10 - 30 minutes in hot or cold water it makes a very refreshing lemonade-like drink (without any fizz of course)[55, 85, 95. 101, 102, 183]. The mixture should not be boiled since this will release tannic acids and make the drink astringent.

Dye Hedge Hedge Ink Mordant Musical Oil Pipes Shelterbelt Soil stabilization Tannin Wood Agroforestry uses: Sumac can be used for erosion control, as a nitrogen-fixing plant, and for hedges or borders. Its dense growth habit provides cover and habitat for wildlife. The leaves are rich in tannin, up to 48% has been obtained in a controlled plantation. They can be collected as they fall in the autumn and used as a brown dye or as a mordant. The bark, especially the root bark, and the fruits are also very rich in tannin. A yellow dye can be obtained from the roots. An orange dye can be obtained from the inner bark and central pith of the stem, mixed with bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis). A black ink can be made by boiling the leaves and the fruit. An oil is extracted from the seeds. It attains a tallow-like consistency on standing and is used to make candles. These burn brilliantly, though they emit a pungent smoke. Pipes are made from the young shoots and are used for drawing the sap of sugar maples (Acer spp). They are also used as flutes. The plant has an extensive root system and is planted as a windbreak screen and to prevent soil erosion. Wood - soft, light, brittle, coarse grained. It weighs 27lb per cubic foot. Of no commercial value, though it is sometimes used as a rough construction wood or is employed in turning. 1. Nectary - Flowers rich in nectar and pollen: Yes – Sumac flowers produce nectar and pollen, attracting pollinators such as bees, wasps, and butterflies. 2. Wildlife - Food (Fruit, Seeds, Leaf litter, Shelter, Nesting, Roosting): Yes – Sumac provides food for wildlife through its clusters of red, berry-like fruits, which are eaten by birds and small mammals. The dense, shrubby form also offers shelter and nesting sites for birds. 3. Invertebrate Shelter (Overwintering sites, Leaf litter, Groundcover): Yes – Sumac’s fallen leaf litter provides habitat for invertebrates, and its dense structure can act as shelter for overwintering insects and groundcover. 4. Pest Confuser (Smell): No – Sumac does not have a strong aromatic smell that is commonly used to confuse or repel pests.

Heimisch: Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Isle of Man [I], Scotland [I], Isles of Scilly [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Germany [I]; Switzerland [I]; Liechtenstein [I]; Czech Republic [I]; Slovakia [I]; Hungary [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; France [I]; Channel Isl. [I] (Alderney [I], Guernsey [I], Jersey [I], Sark [I]); Italy [I]; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina [I]; Romania [I]; Bulgaria [I]; Estonia [I]; Belarus [I]; European Russia [I]; Kazakhstan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; New Zealand [I]; Canada (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Quebec); USA (Alabama, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Delaware, Georgia, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Maryland, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Mississippi, North Carolina, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Utah, Virginia, Vermont, Wisconsin, West Virginia), Georgia, Global, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North America, North Carolina, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Prince Edward I., Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Québec, Rhode I., South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin Eingeführt: AM, AT, AU, Arkansas, Austria, BA, Baltic States, Belgium, British Columbia, Brussels-Capital Region, Bulgaria, CH, CN, CZ, China North-Central, Colorado, Czech Republic, Czechia-Slovakia, DE, DK, Denmark, Flemish Region, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Inner Mongolia, Ireland, Italy, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Mississippi, Missouri, NW. Balkan Pen., Nebraska, Newfoundland, Poland, Romania, South Dakota, South European Russia, Spain, Switzerland, Utah, Walloon Region