Essigrose-Wildrose

Die Essigrose ist auch unter dem Namen Gallica-Rose bekannt. Sie ist eine robuste, bis 100 cm hohe Wildrose, die seit vielen Jahrhunderten kultiviert wird und von der viele unserer heutigen Garten-Rosen abstammen. Wild wächst sie in Laubwäldern und auf trockenen Wiesen Mittel- und Südeuropas.

Rosa gallica wurde bereits von den Römern als Heilpflanze und zur Herstellung von Parfüm angebaut. Im Mittelalter wurde sie in den Klostergärten als Heilpflanze gezogen und fand später auch als Zierpflanze ihren Weg in die Burggärten und Botanischen Gärten.

Die Gallica-Rose (Essigrose) liebt die Sonne und gedeiht am besten auf nährstoffreichen, aber kalkarmen Lehmböden. Sie kann wurzelecht vermehrt werden und treibt Ausläufer, die im Garten schwer wieder zu entfernen sind.

Neben ihrer Zierde für Gärten werden Blüten und Kerne von Rosa gallica-Sorten auch heute noch für die Herstellung von Rosenkernöl, Rosenöl und Rosenwasser genutzt und auch medizinisch angewendet. Besonders die der alte Sorte Rosa gallica ‚Officinalis’, die den deutschen Namen „Apothekerrose“ trägt.

• Medizinische Anwendungen siehe h i e r !

Succeeds in most soils, preferring a circumneutral soil and a sunny position. Grows well in heavy clay soils. Dislikes water-logged soils. Grows well with alliums, parsley, mignonette and lupins. Garlic planted nearby can help protect the plant from disease and insect predation. Grows badly with boxwood. A very ornamental plant, the flowers have a spicy fragrance. It is cultivated for its essential oil in Eastern Europe. There are some named varieties. 'Officinalis' is the Apothecary's rose, it has been cultivated for its medicinal virtues. Plants produce suckers. Hybridizes freely with other members of this genus. Plants in this genus are notably susceptible to honey fungus. Some species of roses are self-fertile, while others require cross-pollination with different varieties for optimal fruit (hip) production. Rose hips are typically harvested in late summer to early autumn, usually from August to October (Northern Hemisphere), depending on the species. Roses usually flower from late spring to early autumn, typically between May and September (Northern Hemisphere). Growth rates vary by species, but many roses can grow moderately fast, reaching maturity within 2 to 3 years, depending on the care and conditions provided.

Edible Parts: Flowers Edible Uses: Condiment Petals - raw or cooked. They can be added as a decorative garnish to salads, and can also be crystallised or preserved in syrup. They are also dried and used as a flavouring in tea, beverages, cakes etc. The dried petals and flower buds are an important ingredient in the Northern African spice mixture 'ras-el-hanout'. Rose water, made by cold-infusing the petals, is used as a flavouring in various confections, especially 'Turkish Delight'. The seed is a good source of vitamin E, it can be ground and mixed with flour or added to other foods as a supplement. Be sure to remove the seed hairs.

Essential Pot-pourri Agroforestry uses: Roses are beneficial in agroforestry systems as they can provide ground cover, attract pollinators, and improve biodiversity. Certain species are also used for hedges and windbreaks. An essential oil obtained from the flowers is used in perfumery, as an additive to bath water and in skin care preparations. Rose water, made by a cold infusion of the petals, is also added to bath water and skin care preparations. The dried petals and buds are used in pot-pourri. 1. Nectary - Flowers rich in nectar and pollen: Yes – Roses produce flowers rich in nectar and pollen, making them excellent for attracting bees, butterflies, and other pollinators. 2. Wildlife - Food (Fruit, Seeds, Leaf litter, Shelter, Nesting, Roosting): Yes – The hips (fruit) of many rose species are a food source for birds and mammals. The dense structure of rose bushes provides good shelter and nesting spots for birds and small animals. 3. Invertebrate Shelter (Overwintering sites, Leaf litter, Groundcover): Yes – The rough stems, leaf litter, and dense growth of rose bushes can provide overwintering sites for beneficial invertebrates. 4. Pest Confuser (Smell): No – While roses are fragrant, they are not typically known to confuse pests with their scent.

Heimisch: Albania, Austria, BR, Bulgaria, Corse, Czechia-Slovakia, East European Russia, France, Germany, Germany (Brandenburg [I], Baden-Württemberg, Bayern, Hessen, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern [I], Rheinland-Pfalz, Sachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt, Thüringen); Switzerland; Austria; Poland; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; France; +Corsica; Sardinia [I]; Italy; Sicily [I]; San Marino; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Albania; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece (scattered N-Greece, rare C-Greece, Kerkyra); Estonia [I]; C-European Russia; Moldova; Ukraine; Crimea; Libya [I]; Tajikistan [I]; Northern Caucasus; Georgia [Caucasus]; Azerbaijan; Turkey (Inner Anatolia, N-Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, WN-Anatolia); Iraq (NE-Iraq); Iran (N-Iran); China (Anhui, Beijing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hongkong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Macao, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanghai, Shanxi, Sichuan, Tianjin, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Tibet; Taiwan; India [c]; Myanmar [I]; South China Sea Isl. [I]; Australia [I] (South Australia [I]); New Zealand [I]; Canada [I] (New Brunswick [I], Nova Scotia [I]); USA [I] (Connecticut [I], Delaware [I], Georgia [I], Illinois [I], Indiana [I], Kentucky [I], Louisiana [I], Massachusetts [I], Maine [I], Michigan [I], Missouri [I], Mississippi [I], North Carolina [I], New Hampshire [I], New Jersey [I], New York [I], Ohio [I], Pennsylvania [I], Rhode Island [I], South Carolina [I], Tennessee [I], Virginia [I], Vermont [I], Wisconsin [I]); Mexico [I], Greece, Hungary, Iraq, Italy, Krym, NW. Balkan Pen., New Brunswick, North America, North Caucasus, Poland, Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, South European Russia, Switzerland, Transcaucasus, Türkiye, Türkiye-in-Europe Eingeführt: AU, Baleares, Belarus, Belgium, CA, Channel Is., Connecticut, Corse (Corsica), EE, England, FR, Flemish Region, France, GB, Great Britain, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Libya, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Netherlands, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, North Carolina, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Portugal, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Québec, Rhode I., South Australia, South Carolina, Spain, Tadzhikistan, Tennessee, Texas, Tunisia, Vermont, Virginia, Wales, Walloon Region, Wisconsin