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Grows in a wide variety of habitats in the tropical and subtropical zones[413 ]. Under temperate climes, it has been, and still is, widely used as a glasshouse ornamental and a pot plant. It has succeeded in areas where the annual rainfall is around 750mm, though is then usually found along creek lines[413 ]. It is also found in tropical areas receiving 3,000mm of rainfall per year, provided that the soils are sufficiently well drained[413 ]. The plant is tolerant of high temperatures, but seldom occurs where temperatures frequently fall below 5°c[413 ]. Some varieties can withstand minor frosts, provided these are infrequent; prolonged freezing temperatures kill aerial woody branches and cause defoliation[413 ]. Succeeds in a wide range of soils[413 ], preferably well-drained[352 ]. Succeeds in poor soils[352 ]. Grows well in dry areas but also present in wetter habitats[305 ]. Grows best in open, unshaded situations, but tolerates moderate shade[305 , 413 ]. Locally becoming an aggressive and pernicious weed[305 , 317 ]. This thorny shrub forms dense understorey vegetation that crowds out and inhibits establishment of other species[305 ]. Allelopathic substances are produced by shoots and roots which inhibit germination and growth of other plants[305 , 360 ]. The plant is apt to form dense thickets, spreads very quickly, with one plant producing as many as 12,000 seeds a year[360 ]. At some sites, infestations have been so persistent that they have completely stalled the regeneration of rainforest for three decades[413 ]. Plants respond well to cutting back, able to resprout even from severe and repeated cutting back[413 ]. The plants can tolerate all but the hottest forest fires, quickly resprouting from the base[305 ]. Stems and leaves emit an unpleasant aroma when crushed[372 ]. The scent is similar to blackcurrants[413 ]. Flowering Time: Early summer, Early fall, Early spring, Early winter, Late summer, Late fall, Late spring, Late winter, Mid summer, Mid fall, Mid spring, Mid winter (Blooms repeatedly). Bloom Color: Orange, Pink, Red, Salmon, White, Yellow (Pink Magenta (Pink-Purple) Red Orange Bright Yellow Purple ) (red, orange, yellow). Spacing: 36-48 in. (90-120 cm).

Edible Parts: Fruit Leaves Edible Uses: Tea The aromatic leaves are used to make a tea[407 ]. The ripe black fruits are eaten in handfuls, especially by children as a snack[398 ]. The sweet tasting drupaceous, fleshy, ovoid fruits are purple or black when fully ripe and about 5 mm long[360 ]. Some reports mention the toxicity of the unripe fruits[K ].

Biomass Essential Fencing Fodder Fuel Fungicide Hedge Herbicide Houseplant Insecticide Insecticide Mulch Paper Soil stabilization Teeth Agroforestry Uses: The plant has an extensive root system and is often planted for erosion control[317 ]. The plant responds well to trimming and is often grown as a hedge[317 , 360 , 413 ]. In parts of East Africa, in locations where it is not weedy, it has effectively been used as a live fence [1-8]. In some mountainous areas (e.g. in Tanzania and India) the presence of L. camara was once considered a good ground cover preventing erosion [1-8]. The plant provides an abundance of organic matter which can be used as mulch material[413 ]. Other Uses: The use of lantana extracts as potential biocides has been suggested. For example, aqueous leachate at 1 - 3% can kill water hyacinth, a troublesome weed in many tropical countries[413 ]. Its application as a herbicide would depend on the size of the water bodies being treated and the cost of extraction of the leachate[413 ]. Leaf extracts have strong insecticidal and antimicrobial activity, for example, storing potatoes, Solanum tuberosum, with leaves of L. camara almost eliminates damage by the potato tuber moth Phthorimaea operculella [1-8]. The stems of lantana, if treated by the sulphate process, can be used to produce pulp for paper suitable for writing and printing[413 ]. However it is hard to harvest, so is likely to be uneconomical[413 ]. The roots of lantana contain a substance that may possibly be used for rubber manufacture, although the economic viability of production has not been examined[413 ]. The plant is utilized as firewood. The twigs and stems serve as useful fuel for cooking and heating in many developing countries, although it is less important than other fuel sources such as windrows, woodlots or natural bush[413 ]. Straw from L. camara mixed with dung for biogas production [1-8]. Fodder. Seeds as a source of food for lambs [1-8]. Ornamental. Pot plant.

Heimisch: Amazonas, Antioquia, Bolívar, Boyacá, Caldas, Casanare, Cauca, Chocó, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Huila, Magdalena, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Santander, Tolima, Valle del Cauca, Armenia | Barrancabermeja | Montería | Yopal | Leticia | Villavicencio | Manizales | Pasto, Aruba, Bahamas, Barrancabermeja | Bucaramanga | Floridablanca | Los Santos | Pinchote | Rionegro | San Gil | San Vicente de Chucurí | Santa Bárbara | Sucre | Tona, Barrancas | Distracción | Hatonuevo | Riohacha | La Cumbre | Restrepo | Vijes | Tuluá | Bolívar, Belize, Bogotá, Brazil North, Brazil West-Central, Caribbean, Cayman Is., Colombia, Colombia, Nariño, Ricuarte, Resguardo Indígena Pialapí Pueblo Viejo, Reserva Natural La Planada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Departamento del Tolima, municipio de Ambalema, vereda Chorrillo, humedal La Pedregosa, Departamento del Tolima, municipio de Piedras, humedal Toqui-Toqui, Departamento del Tolima, municipio de Saldaña, humedal Caracolí, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, El Tuparro, Guatemala, Guyana, Génova, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Jardín Botánico de Bogotá, La Unión Esperanza María, Leeward Is., Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Microcuenca alta de río Tillavá, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, North America, Oceania, Panamá, Parque Nacional Natutral de Amacayacu | Parque Nacional Natural Cahuinarí SFF Iguaque | Santuario de Flora y Fauna Guanentá Alto Río Fonce | Parque Nacional Natural Cocuy | Parque Nacional Natural Macuira | Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona | Parque Nacional Natural Sierra de la Macarena | Parque Nacional Natural El Tuparro | Parque Nacional Natural Tinigua | Parque Nacional Natural Los Katíos | Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona, Puerto Rico, Southwest Caribbean, Subregiones: Cordillera occidental, Cordillera central, Norte, Zona central, Sur, Enclaves subxerofíticos, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is. Eingeführt: AE, AF, Assam, Bangladesh, Bermuda, Caroline Is., Cook Is., DR Congo, East Africa, Fiji, Galápagos, Galápagos Islands, Gilbert Is., Guinea, Hawaii, India, Italy, Kenya, Malaya, Marianas, Marshall Is., Nansei-shoto, Nauru, Nepal, Niue, Ogasawara-shoto, Phoenix Is., Queensland, Reunion, Sri Lanka, Tonga, Tuamotu