Pfirsich und Nektarine

Baumschnitt des Pfirsichbaumes und des Nektarinenbaumes

 

Pfirsich und Nektarine werden im Frühling gepflanzt.

Wenn man sich ein Baumschnitt-Basiswissen angeeignet hat, kann seinen Pfirsich- und Nektarinenbaum selber schneiden, wobei man seine Wuchsgröße (Busch oder Meterstamm bzw. Säulenobst, Zwergspindel) berücksichtigt.

 

So geht's:

• Wenn der Pfirsichbaum bzw. die Nektarine frei steht, wird   s o  geschnitten.
• Als Spalierbaum wird auf diese Art geschnitten.
• Pfirsich- und Nektarinensorten, die sich eignen, als Säulenobsbäume ( Zwergobst mit normal großen Früchten) in einen großen Kübel, aber auch in den Garten als schmale Hecke gepflanzt werden können, benötigen nur wenig Schnittarbeit.

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Fruchtausdünnung

 

Es ist ratsam, bei zu dichtem Fruchtansatz eine Fruchtausdünnung durchzuführen. Zu viele Früchte am Baum führen zu kleinen, schwach aromatischen Früchten! Wie bei einer Fruchtausdünnung vorgegangen wird, ist  h i e r  beschrieben.

 

Requires a well-drained moisture retentive soil. Thrives in a loamy soil, doing well on limestone. Best not grown in acid soils. Prefers some chalk in the soil but it is apt to become chlorotic if too much is present. Prefers a pH in the range 6 to 7. Succeeds in light shade but fruits better in a sunny position. Requires shelter from north and north-east winds and also from spring frosts. Widely cultivated for its edible fruit in warm temperate areas and continental climates, there are many named varieties. There are numerous divisions of the varieties according to skin colour etc. Perhaps the most useful from the eaters point of view is whether it is free-stone (the flesh parts easily from the seed) or cling-stone (the flesh adheres to the seed)[200, K]. Trees are normally hardy in southern Britain, tolerating temperatures down to about -20°c when they are dormant, but they require some protection if cropping is to be at all reliable. This is not due so much to lack of cold hardiness, more to the cooler summers in Britain which do not fully ripen the wood and the fruit, plus the unpredictable winters and springs which, in a mild spell, can excite the tree into premature flowering and growth which is then very liable to damage in any following cold spell. Hand pollination at this time can improve fruit-set. The cultivar 'Rochester' is more likely than most cultivars to succeed outdoors in Britain. In general it is best to site peaches in a very warm sheltered sunny position, preferably against a south or west facing wall. Most cultivars are self-fertile. Trees are often grafted onto plum or other rootstocks but are said to be better when grown on their own roots in southern Britain. Trees are not generally long-lived, this is partly because of the need for the tree to produce a constant supply of new wood since most fruit is formed on one-year old wood (though some fruit spurs are formed). Garlic is a good companion for this plant, helping to prevent disease, especially peach leaf curl. Tansy grown below peach trees helps to keep them healthier. Peach leaf curl can also be prevented by protecting the plants from winter and early spring rains, perhaps by covering them in plastic. Plants grown or overwintered indoors do not suffer from leaf curl. Most members of this genus are shallow-rooted and will produce suckers if the roots are damaged. Plants in this genus are notably susceptible to honey fungus. Special Features: Edible, Not North American native, All or parts of this plant are poisonous, Attractive flowers or blooms. The plant is heat tolerant in zones 8 through 1. (Plant Hardiness Zones show how well plants withstand cold winter temperatures. Plant Heat Zones show when plants would start suffering from the heat. The Plant Heat Zone map is based on the number of "heat days" experienced in a given area where the temperature climbs to over 86 degrees F (30°C). At this temperature, many plants begin to suffer physiological damage. Heat Zones range from 1 (no heat days) to 12 (210 or more heat days). For example Heat Zone. 11-1 indicates that the plant is heat tolerant in zones 11 through 1.) For polyculture design as well as the above-ground architecture (form - tree, shrub etc. and size shown above) information on the habit and root pattern is also useful and given here if available. The plant growth habit is a standard with a non-suckering single trunk [1-2]. In garden design, as well as the above-ground architecture of a plant, root structure considerations help in choosing plants that work together for their optimal soil requirements including nutrients and water. The root pattern is flat with shallow roots spreading near the soil surface. The root pattern is suckering with new plants from runners away from the plant [2-1]. Harvesting typically occurs in late summer to early autumn, with specific timing varying by species. For instance, plums and peaches are usually harvested from July to September (Northern Hemisphere), while almonds are harvested in August to September (Northern Hemisphere). Prunus species usually flower in early spring, often between March and April (Northern Hemisphere), depending on the species and local climate. Growth rates vary among species, but generally, Prunus trees can grow moderately fast, often reaching full height in 3 to 5 years. However, they may take several years to bear fruit, depending on the species and growing conditions. Some Prunus species (like many plums and almonds) are self-fertile, while others (like sweet cherries and certain apricots) require cross-pollination with another compatible variety for optimal fruit set.

Edible Parts: Flowers Fruit Oil Oil Seed Edible Uses: Gum Oil Oil Tea Fruit - raw, cooked or dried for later use. The fruit is often used in ice creams, pies, jams etc. When fully ripe, the fruit of the best forms are very juicy with a rich delicious flavour[K]. Wild trees in the Himalayas yield about 36.5kg of fruit a year. The fruit of the wild form contains about 5.2% sugars, 2% protein, 1.6% ash. Vitamin C content is 2.3mg per 100g. The fruit is a good source of vitamin A. Fruits of the wild peach are richer in nutrients than the cultivated forms. The size of fruit varies widely between cultivars and the wild form, it can be up to 7cm in diameter and contains one seed. Flowers - raw or cooked. Added to salads or used as a garnish. They can also be brewed into a tea. The distilled flowers yield a white liquid which can be used to impart a flavour resembling the seed. Seed - raw or cooked. Do not eat if it is too bitter, seed can contain high concentrations of hydrocyanic acid. See the notes above on toxicity. A semi-drying oil is obtained from the seed. Although the report does not mention edibility it can be assumed that it is edible. The seed contains up to 45% oil. A gum is obtained from the stem. It can be used for chewing.

Adhesive Cleanser Dye Gum Oil Oil Prunus species can be used as windbreaks and in alley cropping systems. They also improve biodiversity by providing habitats for pollinators and other wildlife. Landscape Uses:Container, Espalier, Firewood. A green dye can be obtained from the leaves. Yellow according to another report. A dark grey to green dye can be obtained from the fruit. A semi-drying oil is obtained from the seed. It is used as a substitute for almond oil in skin creams. The bruised leaves, when rubbed within any container, will remove strong odours such as garlic or cloves so long as any grease has first been fully cleaned off. A gum obtained from the stem is used as an adhesive. 1. Nectary - Flowers rich in nectar and pollen: Yes – Prunus species are known for their showy flowers that produce both nectar and pollen, attracting bees, butterflies, and other pollinators. 2. Wildlife - Food (Fruit, Seeds, Leaf litter, Shelter, Nesting, Roosting): Yes – The fruits are an important food source for birds and mammals, and the trees provide shelter through their dense foliage. Some species, especially cherries and plums, are known to support wildlife with both food and roosting/nesting sites. 3. Invertebrate Shelter (Overwintering sites, Leaf litter, Groundcover): Yes – Prunus species offer shelter for invertebrates, particularly in their rough bark and leaf litter. They also support beneficial insects by providing overwintering sites. 4. Pest Confuser (Smell): No – While Prunus species are fragrant when blooming, they are not known for emitting strong pest-repelling scents.

Heimisch: Cultivada, Jardin Botánico de Bogotá, KM, Manizales | Pasto, Vermont-US, native area uncertain; England [I] (England [I], Wales [I]; Germany [c]; Switzerland [c]; Austria [c]; Czech Republic [c]; Slovakia [c]; Hungary [c]; Portugal [c]; Spain [c]; Baleares [c]; France [c]; Monaco [c]; Andorra [c]; Corsica [c]; Sardinia [c]; Italy [c]; Sicily [c]; Slovenia [I]; Croatia [I]; Bosnia & Hercegovina [c]; Albania [c]; Romania [c]; Bulgaria [c]; European Turkey [c]; Greece [c]; Crete [c]; Estonia [c]; E-European Russia [c]; Ukraine [c]; Crimea [c]; Morocco [c]; Algeria [c]; Tunisia [c]; Libya [c]; Madeira [c] (Madeira Isl. [c]); Cape Verde Isl. [c] (Santo Antao Isl. [c], Ilha de Sao Nicolau [c], Ilha de Sao Tiago [c], Fogo Isl. [c], Ilha Brava [c]); Cameroon [c]; Mozambique [c]; South Africa [c]; St. Helena [c]; Mauritius [c]; La Réunion [c]; Rodrigues [c]; Kazakhstan [c]; Turkmenistan [c]; Uzbekistan [c]; Kyrgyzstan [c]; Tajikistan [c]; Northern Caucasus [c]; Transcaucasus [c]; Afghanistan [c]; Saudi Arabia [c]; Oman [c]; Yemen [c]; China [c]; South Korea [c]; Japan [c]; Pakistan [c]; Nepal [c]; Bhutan [c]; India [c]; Sri Lanka [c]; Myanmar [c]; Thailand [c]; Vietnam [c]; Java [c]; Australia [c] (South Australia [c], Queensland [c], New South Wales [c]); Lord Howe Isl. [c]; New Zealand [c]; Niue [c]; Guam [c]; Hawaii [c] (East Maui [c]); Canada [c] (Nova Scotia [c], Ontario [c]); USA [c] (Alabama [c], Arkansas [c], Arizona [c], California [c], Connecticut [c], District of Columbia [c], Delaware [c], Florida [c], Georgia [c], Iowa [c], Idaho [c], Illinois [c], Indiana [c], Kansas [c], Kentucky [c], Louisiana [c], Massachusetts [c], Maryland [c], Maine [c], Michigan [c], Missouri [c], Mississippi [c], North Carolina [c], New Jersey [c], New York [c], Ohio [c], Oklahoma [c], Oregon [c], Pennsylvania [c], Rhode Island [c], South Carolina [c], Tennessee [c], Texas [c], Utah [c], Virginia [c], Wisconsin [c], West Virginia [c]); Mexico [c]; Guatemala [c]; El Salvador [c]; Honduras [c]; Nicaragua [c]; Costa Rica [c]; Jamaica [c]; Haiti [c]; Puerto Rico [c]; Virgin Isl. [c]; Colombia [c]; Ecuador [c]; Peru [c]; Bolivia [c]; Argentina [c], Área urbana de Bogotá, D.C. Jardín Botánico José Celestino Mutis – Sede central Eingeführt: AL, AR, AU, Archipielago Juan Fernández, BO, Belgium, Bogotá, D.C., Brussels-Capital Region, CA, CY, CZ, EC, Flemish Region, GB, Galápagos Islands, Garden Route National Park, HR, IQ, IT, JP, Juan Fernandez Islands, Lord Howe Island, MT, Medialuna del sur de Bogotá D.C.: Ciudad Bolívar, Usme, San Cristóbal, Tunjuelito, Kennedy, Rafael Uribe Uribe y Bosa., Mountain Zebra National Park, PE, PT, RO, SC, SE, SI, Verloren Valei Nature Reserve, Walloon Region, YE, ZA