Weißer Senf

Die Namen der Senfarten,

deren Samen kommerziell zur Senfgewinnung verwendet werden, weisen nicht auf ihre Blütenfarbe, sondern  auf die Farbe ihres Senfkornes hin: "Weißer Senf",  "BraunerSenf", "Schwarzer Senf ". 

Die Samen dienen zudem gemeinsam mit den Schoten als Unterscheidung zwischen Weißem und Schwarzem Senf, denn beide Kreuzblütler blühen in gelb, und zwar in Schirmtrauben.

Die Samen des Weißen Senfs veranlassten den botanischen Artnamen alba (= weiß): Sie wachsen in waagerecht vom Stängel abstehenden Schoten heran. Das Ende der Schoten bildet ein flachgedrückter Schnabel (=samenloser Schotenteil), der etwa gleich lang wie der Rest der Schote ist. Der Schnabel ist oft säbelartig gekrümmt. Die Schoten sind borstig behaart und enthalten helle Samen.

Der Schwarze Senf besitzt aufrechte, vierkantige Schötchen. In ihnen befinden sich runde, schwarz-braune Samen, die eine netzartige Oberfläche zeigen. Sie sind dunkler als die des Braunen Senfs.
 

SENF  IN  DER  KÜCHE:

Nicht nur die aus Senfsamen gewonnene Senfpaste, der Senf, kann in der Küche viel verwendet werden, sondern auch die Jungtriebe, Blätter, Knospen und Blüten der Senfpflanzen lassen sich sehr gut in der Küche verwenden. Informationen dazu finden Sie hier!

Prefers a light well-drained soil. Succeeds on most soils when growing in a sunny position. For best production, it requires high nutrient soils with a high level of nitrogen, but it may be grown on a wide range of soils from light to heavy, growing best on relatively heavy sandy loamy soils. It is not suited to very wet soils. White mustard grows best where the annual precipitation varies from 35 to 179cm, annual temperature from 5.6 to 24.9°C and pH from 4.5 to 8.2. White mustard is a quick-growing long-day annual which prefers temperate climates with some humidity. It is sometimes cultivated, both in the garden and commercially, for its edible seed. The plant can withstand high temperatures, but very hot days during flowering and ripening may reduce seed setting and lower quality of seed. There are some named varieties. It is a very fast growing plant, but requires plenty of moisture for optimum growth. Seed yields are usually a bit less than 1 tonne per hectare, though experimental plantings have suggested that up to 8 tonnes per hectare is possible. White mustard is sometimes also grown as a seed sprout, usually with cress seeds (Lepidium sativum) to supply mustard and cress. This is a mixture of the two types of sprouted seeds, used when about 7 - 10 days old[K]. The mustard seed should be sown three days before the cress seed. The plant is not very deep rooted, it self-sows freely when in a suitable site.

Edible Parts: Leaves Oil Seed Edible Uses: Condiment Oil Leaves - raw or cooked. A hot pungent flavour, especially if eaten raw[K]. Young leaves are used as a flavouring in mixed salads, whilst older leaves are used as a potherb. Seed - sprouted and eaten raw. The seed takes about 4 days to be ready. A hot flavour, it is often used in salads. A nutritional analysis is available. The seed can be ground into a powder and used as a food flavouring, it is the 'white mustard' of commerce. This is milder than the black mustard obtained from Brassica nigra. The pungency of mustard develops when cold water is added to the ground-up seed - an enzyme (myrosin) acts on a glycoside (sinigrin) to produce a sulphur compound. The reaction takes 10 - 15 minutes. Mixing with hot water or vinegar, or adding salt, inhibits the enzyme and produces a mild bitter mustard.

Green manure Oil The seed contains up to 35% of a semi-drying oil. It is used as a lubricant and for lighting etc. The plant can be grown as a green manure crop. It is very fast growing, producing a good bulk in just a few weeks from seed, but it is shallow rooted so does not do so well in dry periods. It is also susceptible to all the diseases of the cabbage family such as club-root so is best avoided if this is likely to be a problem.

Heimisch: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Altay, Austria, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Central European Russia, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Corse, Cyprus, Denmark, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, France, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Krasnoyarsk, Kriti, Krym, Laos, Lebanon-Syria, Libya, Manchuria, Morocco, NW. Balkan Pen., Netherlands, North Caucasus, Northwest European Russia, Norway, Palestine Eingeführt: Alabama, Alberta, Amur, Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Arizona, Azores, Bangladesh, British Columbia, California, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, Chita, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Czechia-Slovakia, Delaware, District of Columbia, Egypt, El Salvador, Finland, Føroyar, Germany, Great Britain, Greenland, Gulf of Guinea Is., Iceland, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Ireland, Irkutsk, Japan, Leeward Is., Madeira, Maine, Manitoba, Marianas, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, North European Russia, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon