Raps

Raps oder Senf?

Schön, dass keiner von beiden giftig ist und dass beide essbar sind, denn sie sehen sich (beinahe) täuschend ähnlich. Aber man möchte doch wissen, mit wem man es zu tun hat!

KennerInnen wissen:

• Gelbblühende Felder im Spätsommer und Herbst werden oft für Rapsfelder gehalten, allerdings handelt es sich um diese Zeit fast immer um den gleichfalls zu den Kreuzblütlern gehörenden gelb blühenden Weißen Senf, der zur Gründüngung angebaut wird.
• Rapsfelder blühen in der Regel im Frühling.
• Raps duftet wie Parfum! Senf nicht.
• Alle Senfblätter sind hellgrün, gestielt und gefiedert bzw. gelappt, der Rand der einzelnen Fiederblättchen (Lappen) ist gezähnt.
• Rapsblätter sind blaugrün, davon sind
  • die untern gestielt und meistens gefiedert bzw. gelappt, wobei – im Unterschied zum Senf - die einzelnen seitlichen Lappen (Fieder) kürzer als der Endlappen sind.
  • Die oben am Stängel stehenden Blätter sind ebenfalls blaugrün, aber lanzettlich und ungestielt. Ihre Blattbasis umschließt den Stängel! Der Blattrand ist glatt oder leicht gewellt.

Succeeds in full sun in a well-drained fertile preferably alkaline soil. Succeeds in any reasonable soil. Prefers a heavy soil and cool moist conditions. Sunny days and cool nights are favourable for plant growth whilst dry weather at harvest time is essential. Colza is reported to tolerate an annual precipitation of 30 to 280cm, an annual average temperature range of 5 to 27°C and a pH in the range of 4.2 to 8.2. Very young plants are susceptible to cold damage, -4°C either killing or injuring seedlings, whereas -2°C has no affect when the plants are more than one month old. Brassica napus is an aggregate species, probably derived through cultivation. It is thought that crosses of Brassica oleracea subsp. oleracea with B. rapa gave rise to the subsp. B. napus pabularia, from which subsp. napus and subsp. rapifera and other cvs were derived. The aggregate species includes forms with swollen edible roots (B. napus napobrassica, the garden swede), forms grown for their oil-rich seeds (B. napus napus, the oilseed rape), forms grown for their edible leaves (B. napus pabularia, the rape kales) whilst the form grown as a green manure is B. napus arvensis. All these forms are treated separately here. The oil obtained from the seed is high in erucic acid and glucosinolates, both of which have anti-nutritional properties. Cultivars have been developed that have a low content of these items and are therefore suitable for food. Colza is 70% self-pollinating and 30% cross-pollinated. Even if wind and insects are absent, seed are still produced. Yield increases with honeybees. The growth of this plant is inhibited by field mustard and hedge mustard growing nearby. This species is closely related to B. rapa.

Edible Parts: Leaves Oil Oil Seed Stem Edible Uses: Condiment Oil Oil Leaves - raw or cooked. Added to salads or used as a potherb. The leaves are also fermented for later use. Immature flowering stems - cooked in much the same way as broccoli. An edible oil is obtained from the seed, it is used mainly for cooking purposes, but can also be used raw in salad dressings. Some caution is advised, however, see the notes above on toxicity. The sprouted seed is often used as the mustard part of mustard and cress. Eaten in salads. The seed is used as a mustard flavouring.

Green manure Oil Oil The seed contains up to 45% of an edible semi-drying oil, it is used as a luminant, lubricant, in soap making etc. Rapeseed oil has potential market in detergent lubrication oils, emulsifying agents, polyamide fibres, and resins, and as a vegetable wax substitute. According to the Chemical Marketing Reporter (April 26, 1982) "the most common use for the oil is still in the production or erucic acid, a fatty acid used in turn in the manufacture of other chemicals. The seed husks are used in plastering house walls. A good green manure, the deep taproot improves drainage and loosens heavy soils.

Heimisch: France Eingeführt: Afghanistan, Alabama, Alaska, Albania, Alberta, Algeria, Altay, Amsterdam-St.Paul Is., Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Arizona, Arkansas, Azores, Baleares, Baltic States, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, British Columbia, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, California, Central European Russia, Chile Central, Chile South, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Corse, Costa Rica, Crozet Is., Cuba, Czechia-Slovakia, Delaware, District of Columbia, Dominican Republic, East European Russia, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Falkland Is., Florida, Galápagos, Galápagos Islands, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Juan Fernández Is., Kentucky, Kenya, Kerguelen, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Krym, Labrador, Libya, Louisiana, Madeira, Maine, Mali, Manitoba, Marshall Is., Maryland, Massachusetts, Mauritius, Mexico Northwest, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Morocco, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Newfoundland, Norfolk Is., North Carolina, North Caucasus, North European Russia