Olivenbaum

"Unter dem Volk ging das Sprichwort um, dass ein Haus mit Brot und Olivenöl niemals verloren ist." (V. Zingsem, "Im Schatten des Olivenbaums")

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Global Crop Other Systems: Irreg. Intercrop Other Systems: Strip intercrop Other Systems: Woody agriculture Staple Crop: Oil Landscape Uses:Container, Espalier, Pollard, Standard, Specimen, Street tree. Easily grown in a loamy soil and tolerating infertile soils, it prefers a well-drained deep fertile soil. A drought resistant plant once established, it succeeds in dry soils. Requires a sunny position. Tolerates salty air. Plants are slow-growing and very long-lived. The olive is very commonly cultivated in Mediterranean climates for its edible seed, there are many named varieties. Trees can produce a crop when they are 6 years old and continue producing a commercial yield for the next 50 years - many trees continue to give good yields for hundreds of years, even when their trunk is hollow. They succeed outdoors in the milder areas of Britain, though plants rarely produce fruit when grown in this country, preferring warm temperate regions with mild moist winters and hot dry summers. Some reports say that trees often fruit in south-western England. Generally, older trees are hardy to about -10°c. They require the protection of a south facing wall when grown in the London area. At least some cultivars are self-fertile. Some cultivars have been selected mainly for their fruits whilst others have been selected for their oil. 'Mission' is grown for its edible fruits. It is vigorous, prolific and very cold resistant. 'Moraiolo' is grown for its oil, it is very hardy and strong-growing. Flower production depends on a 12 - 15 week period of diurnally fluctuating temperatures with at least 2 months averaging below 10°c. Pruning can encourage non-fruiting water-shoots. Weighing down or arching the branches can encourage fruiting. The plants fruit best on wood that is one year old so any pruning should take this into account. An olive branch is a traditional symbol of peace, laurel leaves were used by the ancient Greeks to crown winners of the Olympic games. Plants have male flowers and bisexual flowers. Special Features: Not North American native, Naturalizing, Fragrant flowers. Olives can be self-fertile, but cross-pollination with another variety often improves fruit set and yield. Olives are typically harvested in Autumn, from late September to November (Northern Hemisphere), depending on the variety and region. Olive trees flower in Spring, usually from April to June (Northern Hemisphere), with flowers appearing in clusters. Olives have a slow to moderate growth rate, generally growing about 1-2 feet per year until maturity, which can take 3 to 5 years for fruiting, and full production may take 7 to 10 years.

Edible Parts: Fruit Leaves Manna Oil Oil Edible Uses: Condiment Oil Oil Olive fruits are widely used, especially in the Mediterranean, as a relish and flavouring for foods. The fruit is usually pickled or cured with water, brine, oil, salt or lye. They can also be dried in the sun and eaten without curing when they are called 'fachouilles'. The cured fruits are eaten as a relish, stuffed with pimentos or almonds, or used in breads, soups, salads etc. 'Olives schiacciate' are olives picked green, crushed, cured in oil and used as a salad. The fruit contains 20 - 50µ vitamin D per 100g. The fruit is up to 4cm long. The seed is rich in an edible non-drying oil, this is used in salads and cooking and, because of its distinct flavour, is considered a condiment. There are various grades of the oil, the finest (known as 'Extra Virgin') is produced by cold pressing the seeds without using heat or chemical solvents. The seed of unpalatable varieties is normally used and this oil has the lowest percentage of acidity and therefore the best flavour. Other grades of the oil come from seeds that are heated (which enables more oil to be expressed but has a deleterious effect on the quality) or from using chemical solvents on seed that has already been pressed for higher grades of oil. Olive oil is mono-unsaturated and regular consumption is thought to reduce the risk of circulatory diseases. The seed contains albumen, it is the only seed known to do this. Leaves. No more details are given. An edible manna is obtained from the tree.

Dye Hair Oil Oil Soil stabilization Wood Agroforestry uses: Olive trees are excellent for agroforestry as they provide shade, prevent soil erosion, and improve soil quality. They can also be used as windbreaks. The non-drying oil obtained from the seed is also used for soap making, lighting and as a lubricant. The oil is a good hair tonic and dandruff treatment. Maroon and purple dyes are obtained from whole fresh ripe fruits. Blue and black dyes are obtained from the skins of fresh, ripe fruits. A yellow/green dye is obtained from the leaves. Plants are used to stabilize dry, dusty hillsides. Wood - very hard, heavy, beautifully grained, takes a fine polish and is slightly fragrant. It is used in turnery and cabinet making, being much valued by woodworkers. 1. Nectary - Flowers rich in nectar and pollen: Yes – Olive flowers produce nectar and pollen, which attract pollinators like bees, though they are not particularly rich compared to other flowering plants. 2. Wildlife - Food (Fruit, Seeds, Leaf litter, Shelter, Nesting, Roosting): Yes – Olive trees provide fruit (olives) which are consumed by birds and other wildlife. The dense foliage can offer shelter, nesting, and roosting sites for birds and small animals. 3. Invertebrate Shelter (Overwintering sites, Leaf litter, Groundcover): Yes – Olive trees have rough bark and dense canopies, offering overwintering shelter for insects. Leaf litter from olive trees also supports soil organisms and provides habitat for various invertebrates. 4. Pest Confuser (Smell): No – Olive trees do not produce strong pest-repellent smells that would function as a pest confuser.

Heimisch: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, BR, Baleares, Belgium, Botswana, Burundi, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, China South-Central, Cyprus, DR Congo, Djibouti, East Aegean Is., Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Flemish Region, Free State, Greece, Iran, Italy, Jardín Botánico de Bogotá, Kenya, Kriti, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho, Libya, Madeira, Malawi, Manizales, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, NW. Balkan Pen., Namibia, Nepal, Niger, North America, Northern Provinces, Oceania, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Portugal, Rwanda, Réunion, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, Somalia, Spain, Sudan-South Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Türkiye, Türkiye-in-Europe, Uganda, West Himalaya, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Área urbana de Bogotá, D.C. Jardín Botánico José Celestino Mutis – Sede central Eingeführt: AM, AU, Argentina Northeast, Ascension, Bermuda, Bogotá, China Southeast, Corse, Egypt, France, Galápagos Islands, Hainan, Hawaii, Iraq, Jawa, Korea, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Marianas, Mexico Southwest, New Zealand North, Norfolk Is., St.Helena, Taiwan, Tibet, Tubuai Is.