Schwarzer Pfeffer

Schwarzer Pfeffer wird aus den unreifen bis knapp vor der Reife stehenden, durch Trocknen runzlig und schwarz gewordenen Früchten des Pfefferstrauches, einer bis zu 20 m hoch kletternden Kletterpflanze, gewonnen.

Grüner Pfeffer wird aus unreifen, früh geernteten Früchten gewonnen. Er wird entweder frisch in Salzlake eingelegt oder bei hohen Temperaturen schnell getrocknet oder gefriergetrocknet. 

Roter Pfeffer besteht aus vollkommen reifen, ungeschälten Pfefferfrüchten und wird meist ähnlich wie auch der grüne Pfeffer in salzige oder saure Laken eingelegt oder getrocknet. 

Weißer Pfeffer ist von der Schale befreiter vollreifer, roter Pfeffer. 

 

Weitere scharfe Gewürze aus der Familie der Pfeffergewächse:

Kubebenpfeffer ("Schwänzchenpfeffer")

Langer Pfeffer

Urwaldpfeffer (Wilder Pfeffer) wird in schwindelnder Höhe händisch geerntet. Die Frucht ist um ein Mehrfaches kleiner als die des kultivierten Schwarzen Pfeffers. Sie schmeckt etwas weniger scharf und aromatischer als die von den kultivierten, in 3 m Höhe gehaltenen Pfeffersträuchern. 

 

Pfferähnliche Gewürze, die nicht zur Familie der Pfeffergewächse zählen:

Szechuanpfeffer ("Blütenpfeffer")

Rosa Pfeffer ( Früchte des Brasilianischen Pfefferbaumes und des Peruanischen Pfefferbaumes ) 

Cayennepfeffer (Chili)

 

A plant of the hot and humid lowland tropics, where it grows best at elevations up to 500 metres, but can be grown up to 2,000 metres. It grows best in areas where annual daytime temperatures are within the range 22 - 35°c, but can tolerate 10 - 40°c[418 ]. It prefers a mean annual rainfall in the range 2,500 - 4,000mm, but tolerates 2,000 - 5,500mm[418 ]. Grows best in sheltered positions in semi-shade[296 ]. Prefers a neutral soil rich in organic matter[296 ]. Prefers a pH in the range 6 - 7, tolerating 5 - 7.5[418 ]. Level ground is most suitable for the production of pepper, prov ided there is no flooding, but it is often grown in rolling country or on hill slopes of varying steepness[418 ]. The plant begins to bear in 3 - 4 years, can reach full production after 7 years and has an economic life of about 12 - 20 years[418 ]. Optimum yields at low capital input are 6 tonnes per hectare of the unprocessed (green) peppers; 2 tonnes of the sundried (black) peppers; or 1.67 tonnes of the washed and dried (white) peppers[418 ]. In gardens with higher inputs, yields may be 8 - 9 tonnes of green pepper in the first harvest and 12 - 20 tonnes in the sixth or seventh harvest[418 ]. The root system can be 4 metres or more deep[418 ]. Flowering Time: Mid Summer. Bloom Color: White/Near White. Spacing: 12-15 ft. (3.6-4.7 m).

Edible Parts: Fruit Oil Seed Edible Uses: Condiment Oil The pungent fruits, known as peppercorns, are dried, ground into a powder known as black pepper, and used as a condiment[296 ]. A hot flavour. The globose, red fruit is 4 - 6mm in diameter[418 ]. A milder flavoured spice, known as white pepper, can be obtained if the outer coverings of the fruit are removed[301 ]. Unripe green fruits are pickled in vinegar and used as a relish[301 ]. An essential oil obtained from the seed is used as a flavouring various foods[46 ].

Essential Houseplant Oil Teeth Other Uses: An essential oil obtained from the fruits is used in perfumery to add bouquets of oriental types producing spicy notes[46 ].

Heimisch: Antioquia, Tolima, BR, Guinea [c]; Benin [c]; Cameroon [c]; São Tomé [c]; Mauritius [c]; La Réunion [c]; Seychelles [c]; China [c] (Fujian [c], Guangdong [c], Guangxi [c], Yunnan [c]); Taiwan [c]; India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal); Lakshadweep Isl. [Laccadives] [c]; Maldives [c]; Sri Lanka [c]; Bangladesh [c]; Andaman Isl. [c]; Nicobar Isl. [c]; Myanmar [c]; Laos [c]; Cambodia [c]; Vietnam [c]; peninsular Malaysia [c]; Philippines [c]; Java [c]; Lesser Sunda Isl. [c]; Vanuatu [c]; Fiji [c]; Cook Isl. [c] (Rarotonga [c], Mangaia [c], Aitutaki [c], Mitiaro [c]); Society Isl. [c] (Tahiti [c], Raiatea [c]); Palau [c] (Babeldaob [c], Koror [c]); Guam [c]; Fed. States of Micronesia [c] (Pohnpei [c]); Mexico [c]; Belize [c]; Honduras [c]; Costa Rica [c]; Jamaica [c]; Guadeloupe [c]; Dominica [c]; Martinique [c]; St. Vincent [c]; Trinidad & Tobago [c]; Colombia [c]; Venezuela [c]; Brazil [c], India, KM, Sri Lanka Eingeführt: AF, Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, Benin, Cambodia, Cameroon, Caroline Is., China South-Central, China Southeast, Comoros, Cook Is., Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, East Himalaya, East Usambara, El Salvador, Ethiopia, French Guiana, GN, Guinea, Gulf of Guinea Is., Haiti, Honduras, LA, Laos, Leeward Is., Marianas, Mauritius, Mexico Gulf, Nicobar Is., Philippines, Puerto Rico, Réunion, SC, ST, Seychelles, TW, Thailand, Trinidad-Tobago, Vallee de Mai Nature Reserve, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Windward Is., the Democratic Republic of the Congo