Weinrebe

Die Rebe ist ein Sonnenkind,

sie liebt den Berg und hasst den Wind.

(Volksmund)

Wie werden Weinreben geschnitten?

Weinreben können ganz unterschiedlich gezogen werden. Wie man sie für den eigenen Bedarf ziehen und schneiden kann, wird hier ausführlich und auch in einer Kurzzusammenfassung erklärt.

 

Fruchtausdünnung

Bei Weintrauben ist es ratsam, bei zu dichtem Fruchtansatz eine Fruchtausdünnung durchzuführen. Zu viele Früchte führen zu kleinen, schwach aromatischen Früchten! 

 

Backtipp

Neben herkömmlichem Backpulver gibt es auch "Weinstein Backpulver" zu kaufen, das die gleiche Lockerungswirkung wie normales Backpulver besitzt, allerdings mit etwas mehr Natur:  Gegenüber herkömmlichem Backpulver wird bei Weinstein Backpulver die chemische Säuerungskomponente durch Ablagerungen in Weinfässern ( = Weinstein ) ersetzt. 

 

Empfehlenswerte, robuste Sorten:

"Birstaler Muskat", eine Schweizer Züchtung von Blattner, 1986, mit – auch in feuchten Jahren - außergewöhnlich hoher Pilzresistenz, ist  universell für Tafeltrauben und Traubensaft einsetzbar.

Der Ertrag ist regelmäßig und hoch. Manuelles Ausdünnen auf 1-2 Trauben pro Trieb gleich nach der Blüte wirkt sich günstig auf die Beerengröße aus.

Die kernarmen Beeren sind grüngelb bis gelb, mittelgroß (Durchmesser ca. 1,5 - 2,0 cm). Ihr Geschmack ist fruchtig süß mit feinem Muskatton, bei Überreife nach 6 Wochen Hängezeit sehr süß und rosinenartig. Ihr Erntefenster reicht von Anfang September bis Ende Oktober, da die Trauben länger am Stock hängen bleiben und nach und nach geerntet werden können.

 

"Muscat bleu", eine Sorte mit blau ausfärbenden, 1,5 bis 2 cm, süßen, kernarmen Beeren und hoher hoher Resistenz gegen Echten und Falschen Mehltau zählt zu den beliebtesten Tafeltrauben- uns Saft-Sorten für Hausgärten. Die kräftige Beerenschale stört in der Regel nicht beim Verzehr und bringt jedoch einen gewissen Wespenschutz. 
Das Erntefenster reicht von Ende August bis Ende September.

 

"Mitschurinski", eine russische Züchtung mit einer Frosthärte bis zu -35°, möchte in kalten Gegenden trotzdem an eine sonnige Wand gepflanzt werden. Einem Befallsdruck durch Echten Mehltau hält sie ungespritzt nur mittelmäßig stand.
Mitschurinski bringt einen mittleren, aber gleichmäßigen Ertrag an blauen, 1,0 bis 1,8 cm großen, mild-süßen Beeren mit kräftiger Schale, die aber beim Verzehr – im Unterschied zu den Wespen – den Menschen wenig stört. Einzelne Beeren bleiben aufgrund der Verrieselung klein und grün.
Das Erntefenster reicht von Ende August bis Ende September.

Prefers a deep rich moist well-drained moderately fertile loam. Grows best in a calcareous soil, but dislikes excessively chalky soils. Prefers a pH in the range 6.5 to 7 but tolerates a range from 4.3 to 8.6. Succeeds in sun or partial shade though a warm sunny sheltered position is required for the fruit to ripen. Very commonly grown in the temperate zones of the world for its edible fruit, there are many named varieties, some of which have been developed for their use as a dried fruit, others for dessert use and others for wine. Good and regular crops are a bit problematical in Britain, grapes are on the northern most limits of their range in this country and the British summer often does not provide enough heat to properly ripen the fruit. Late frosts can also damage young growth in spring, though dormant shoots are very hardy, tolerating temperatures down to about -20°c. Nonetheless, there are a number of commercial vineyards in Britain (usually producing wine grapes) and, given a suitably sunny and sheltered position, good dessert grapes can also be grown. In general it is best to grow the dessert varieties against the shelter of a south or west facing wall. There are a number of varieties that have been bred to cope with cooler summers. Grapes are very susceptible to attacks by phylloxera, this disease is especially prevalent in some areas of Europe and it almost destroyed the grape industry. However, American species of grapes that are resistant to phylloxera are now used as rootstocks and this allows grapes to be grown in areas where the disease is common. Britain is free of the disease at the present (1989) and grapes are usually grown on their own roots. Plants in this genus are notably susceptible to honey fungus. The flowers are intensely fragrant. Grapes grow well in the company of hyssop, chives, basil and charlock. They grow badly with radishes, both the grapes and the radishes developing an off taste. Plants climb by means of tendrils. Any pruning should be carried out in winter when the plants are dormant otherwise they bleed profusely. The cultivated grape is thought to have been derived from V. vinifera sylvestris. (Gmel.)Hegi. This form has dioecious flowers and produces small black grapes. Special Features:Attractive foliage, Inconspicuous flowers or blooms. For polyculture design as well as the above-ground architecture (form - tree, shrub etc. and size shown above) information on the habit and root pattern is also useful and given here if available. Woody. Growth habit is a single or multiple shooting vine from a crown [1-2]. Grapes are usually harvested in late summer to early autumn, specifically from late summer through fall, depending on the variety and climate. Grapes typically flower in late spring to early summer. Grapes are considered fast-growing vines, often reaching maturity within 3 to 4 years, depending on the variety and growing conditions. Many varieties of Vitis vinifera are self-fertile, meaning they can produce fruit without cross-pollination.

Edible Parts: Flowers Fruit Leaves Oil Shoots Edible Uses: Oil Fruit - raw or dried for winter use. The dried fruits are the raisins, sultanas and currants of commerce, different varieties producing the different types of dried fruit. A fully ripened fresh fruit is sweet, juicy and delicious[K]. The fruit juice can be concentrated and used as a sweetener. This fruit is widely used in making wine. Leaves - cooked. Young leaves are wrapped around other foods and then baked, they impart a pleasant flavour. Young tendrils - raw or cooked. The flower clusters are used as a vegetable. An edible oil similar to sunflower oil is obtained from the seed. It needs to be refined before it can be eaten. A polyunsaturated oil, it is suitable for mayonnaise and cooking, especially frying. Sap - raw. Used as a drink, it has a sweet taste. The sap can be harvested in spring and early summer, though it should not be taken in quantity or it will weaken the plant. The roasted seed is a coffee substitute. Cream of tartar, also known as potassium bitartrate, a crystalline salt, is extracted from the residue of pressed grapes, and from the sediment of wine barrels. It is used in making baking powder.

Dye Miscellany Oil Agroforestry uses: Grapes can be used as ground cover to prevent soil erosion and enhance biodiversity. They also provide habitat for various beneficial insects and wildlife. Landscape Uses: Arbor. A yellow dye is obtained from the fresh or dried leaves. An oil from the seed is used for lighting and as an ingredient in soaps, paints etc. Cream of tartar, extracted from the residue of pressed grapes, is used in making fluxes for soldering. Especially when growing in hotter countries than Britain, the stems of very old vines attain a good size and have been used to supply a very durable timber. 1. Nectary - Flowers rich in nectar and pollen: Yes – Grape flowers are attractive to a variety of pollinators, including bees and other beneficial insects, as they produce nectar. 2. Wildlife - Food (Fruit, Seeds, Leaf litter, Shelter, Nesting, Roosting): Yes – The fruit (grapes) is highly nutritious and consumed by birds, mammals, and insects. The leaves can also provide some shelter, though they are not typically used for nesting. 3. Invertebrate Shelter (Overwintering sites, Leaf litter, Groundcover): Yes – The foliage and associated leaf litter can provide shelter for various invertebrates, although they are not specifically known for providing overwintering sites. 4. Pest Confuser (Smell): Yes – The leaves and fruits of grapevines can have aromatic properties that may help confuse certain pests, although they are also susceptible to various pests.

Heimisch: Albania, Austria, Bulgaria, Caribbean, Corse, Cyprus, Czechia-Slovakia, England [I] (England [I], Wales [I], Scotland [I], Isle of Man [I]); Ireland [I] (Ireland [I], Northern Ireland [I]); Belgium [I]; Germany (Berlin [I], Baden-Württemberg [I], Bayern [I], Hessen [I], Hessen [I], Nordrhein-Westfalen [I], Rheinland-Pfalz, Schleswig-Holstein [I], Saarland, Sachsen [I], Sachsen-Anhalt [I], Thüringen [I]); Switzerland; Austria; Poland [I]; Czech Republic; Slovakia; Hungary; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; Gibraltar [I]; Baleares [I]; France; Channel Isl. [I] (Guernsey [I], Jersey [I]); Corsica; Sardinia; Italy; Sicily; Slovenia; Croatia; Bosnia & Hercegovina; Montenegro; Serbia; Kosovo; North Macedonia; Romania; Bulgaria; Greece [I]; Crete [I]; E-European Russia [I]; Ukraine; Crimea; Morocco [I]; Algeria [I]; Tunisia [I]; Libya [I]; Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Lanzarote [I], Fuerteventura [I], Gran Canaria [I], Tenerife [I], La Gomera [I]); Cape Verde Isl. [I] (Santo Antao Isl. [I], Ilha de Sao Nicolau [I], Ilha de Sao Tiago [I], Fogo Isl. [I], Ilha Brava [I]); Benin [c]; São Tomé [c]; Kazakhstan [I]; Turkmenistan [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Kyrgyzstan [I]; Tajikistan [I]; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [I]; Afghanistan [I]; China [I]; South Korea [I]; Taiwan [I]; Pakistan [I]; India [c]; Bangladesh [I]; Cambodia [I]; Java [I]; New Zealand [I]; New Caledonia [I]; Fiji [I]; Austral Isl. [I] (Tubuai [I]); Fed. States of Micronesia [I] (Yap [I], Pohnpei [I]); USA [I] (Alabama [I], California [I], Florida [I], Idaho [I], Massachusetts [I], New York [I], Oregon [I], Pennsylvania [I], Texas [I], Utah [I], Virginia [I], Washington State [I]); Mexico [I]; Honduras [c]; Nicaragua [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Jamaica [I]; Dominican Republic [I]; Haiti [I]; Puerto Rico [I]; Virgin Isl. [I] (Tortola [I]); Trinidad & Tobago [I]; Colombia [I]; Ecuador [I]; Galapagos [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [c]; Argentina [I]; Chile [I]; Juan Fdz. Isl. [I], France, Germany, Global, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Kirgizstan, Krym, Lebanon-Syria, Manizales, NW. Balkan Pen., North America, North Caucasus, Palestine, Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Transcaucasus, Turkmenistan, Türkiye, Türkiye-in-Europe, Ukraine, Uzbekistan Eingeführt: AL, AO, AR, Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Argentina Northeast, Azores, Baleares, Baltic States, Bangladesh, Belgium, British Columbia, California, Canary Is., Cape Verde, Caroline Is., Chad, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, East Himalaya, Easter Is., Ecuador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Galápagos Islands, Gulf of Guinea Is., Idaho, India, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kriti, Laos, Libya, Madeira, Massachusetts, Mexico Northwest, Morocco, New Hampshire, New York, New Zealand North, Oregon, Pakistan, Pennsylvania, Peru, Poland, Portugal, South European Russia, Spain, Tibet, Trinidad-Tobago, Tunisia, Vietnam, Washington, West Himalaya